Copper (Cu) impact on clinker or cement quality?

Hello Raju,

Copper can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on clinker quality.

Up to about 1% copper (as CuO) improves the burnability of the raw mix. It decreases the free CaO content of the clinker, encourages the formation of C3S and lowers the clinkering temperature by about 50oC.  However under reducing conditions the Cu2O formed inhibits both C3S and C2S formation.

I have used copper slag, containing ~7000ppm Cu, as an iron corrective without any issues concerning clinker production or quality.

Regards,

Ted.

thanks ted

Is there any limit for Copper slag usage

thanks